Immunisation

People who are immunosuppressed are at increased risk of serious complications from vaccine-preventable diseases and may require additional vaccinations, altered schedules or specialist assessment to ensure optimal protection. Vaccination in this population can be complex, with decisions influenced by the underlying condition, current or previous treatments, timing of vaccination and the type of vaccine being considered. 

This resource has been developed to support healthcare practitioners involved in assessing, recommending or delivering vaccinations to individuals who are immunosuppressed. It provides an overview of immunosuppression, explores how it can affect vaccine response, and outlines key vaccination pathways and considerations for common clinical scenarios.

By working through this resource, learners will:

• Recognise the underlying causes of immunosuppression and identify individuals who may be immunosuppressed.
• Understand how immunosuppression can affect vaccine effectiveness and immunity.
• Explore vaccination considerations for people receiving immunosuppressive therapies, biological treatments, and transplants, as well as those living with HIV or asplenia.
• Understand the role and limitations of live and non-live vaccines in immunosuppressed populations.
• Identify when additional doses, booster vaccinations or revaccination may be required.
• Recognise when and where to seek specialist advice to support safe vaccination practice.

This resource is intended to complement, not replace, national guidance. Learners should continue to refer to the Green Book and local specialist advice when making individual vaccination decisions.