Various modelling methods derived from systems engineering have been applied to healthcare to represent/analyse the structure and behaviour of healthcare systems . These are used to capture system requirements, assess system-wide risk and performance variability, and generate system improvement recommendations. One way to unpack system complexity is to follow the progress of a system user, for example, using an Human Factors modelling approach called the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) . This provides an analytical framework to consider how system components can influence human behaviour and contribute to both wanted and unwanted care outcomes.
