Data should be presented in a way that is easy to understand.
Often presenting data is just the first step. We usually want the person we have presented the data to, to take action based on what we have shown them. For this to happen it is important that they can quickly understand the data (turning data into information) and understand why it shows what it does (insight).
The rule of thumb is that you should be able to understand the data presented in under a minute.
We also need to present data in a way that is not misleading.
We need to use data throughout the improvement journey. It is important that we show the data as effectively as possible to create true understanding of the system, to communicate with and engage the improvement team and wider stakeholders, and to tell the story of the journey – which can be very important to help with spreading a successful change.
Edward Tufte is a statistician and pioneer in the field of data visualisation
Step 1: Display data over time
‘When you have 2 data points it is very likely that one will be different from the other’
W. Edward Deming
Before and after snap shots or aggregated data e.g. average waiting times for a clinic A, can make it difficult to see the full picture. Collecting and presenting data over a longer period of time e.g. weekly, can give us a much clearer picture of what is happening in our system.
Step 2: Use a single measure per graph
Having more than one measure per graph is confusing for the viewer. It is more effective to present the graphs side by side for comparison.
Step 3: Good Graph Display
There are 6 elements to consider in good graph display:
See here for more details on Good graph design
1. What the data is telling us?
To answer this question we can use the GEE model
This stands for:
2. What has caused the change? Subject matter experts will be able to help with this
3. What are we doing about it? Discuss with your team to decide what action to take
Tips for presenting data to a group
Content updated September 2021